The square drill stem valve, also known as a square drill stem cock or drill stem safety valve, is a manually controlled valve in the drill string circulation system and is one of the effective tools for preventing well blowouts. Square drill stem valves are divided into upper and lower square drill stem valves. The upper square drill stem valve is used between the lower end of the faucet connector and the square drill stem. The lower square drill stem valve is used between the lower end of the square drill stem and the upper end of the drill stem. It can be switched on or off by rotating it 90° with a special wrench according to the instructions. In drilling operations, square drill stem valves should be installed at both the upper and lower ends of the square drill stem to prevent the loss of drilling fluid and well blowouts, thus avoiding serious accidents.
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The tubing swivel valve, also known as a tubing cock, allows drilling fluid to flow freely without pressure drop. This type of valve is installed above the tubing to control wellhead pressure and prevent fluid loss when the tubing is removed.
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The fully open safety valve is a manually controlled valve in the drill string circulation system and is one of the effective tools to prevent well blowout. In drilling operations, to avoid serious accidents, the fully open safety valve should be connected between drill pipes. The fully open safety valve can be switched on and off by turning it 90° with a special wrench as required. It is best to install a fully open safety valve as a precaution when it is necessary to lift the drill pipe or when the drill pipe is not lifted.
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